{"id":2442,"date":"2025-09-27T00:10:55","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T00:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=2442"},"modified":"2025-09-27T07:27:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T07:27:19","slug":"emsav-27-septembre-1935-naissance-du-linguiste-et-ethnologue-donation-laurent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=2442","title":{"rendered":"Emsav : 27 septembre 1935, naissance du linguiste et ethnologue Donatien Laurent"},"content":{"rendered":"

EMSAV – D’origine brestoise et nantaise, il a appris la langue bretonne, la danse et la musique bretonne, \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la culture celtique. Il dirige ainsi pendant douze ans le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique. Il fut l’un des premiers ethnologues \u00e0 analyser la culture orale et la tradition chant\u00e9e<\/strong> en Bretagne. Tout au long de sa carri\u00e8re, il alterne entre collectes sur le terrain et travaux de r\u00e9flexion sur documents existants. Ses recherches les plus importantes l’ont fait remonter aux origines de la gwerz de Louis Le Ravallec, la gwerz de Skolvan (proximit\u00e9 avec des textes du Livre noir de Carmarthen), et surtout Aux sources du Barzaz Breiz, sa th\u00e8se d\u2019\u00c9tat publi\u00e9e en 1989 apr\u00e8s avoir retrouv\u00e9 les carnets de collecte de l’auteur, La Villemarqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

N\u00e9 d\u2019un p\u00e8re polytechnicien d\u2019origine finist\u00e9rienne, Pierre Laurent, et d\u2019une m\u00e8re musicienne originaire de Nantes, Donatien Laurent fr\u00e9quente durant ses ann\u00e9es de lyc\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris la diaspora bretonne, et d\u00e9couvre la culture celtique. Il fait partie du mouvement scout breton Bleimor \u00e0 Paris, puis int\u00e8gre, \u00e0 la suite de son fr\u00e8re Loeiz, le bagad Bleimor et en devient le penn-soner. Sonneur de cornemuse aguerri, il suit en 1956 son ami Herri L\u00e9on dit \u00ab La Pie \u00bb, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00eele de Skye pour suivre un stage d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 organis\u00e9 par le College of Piping ; ils en sortent dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s d’un certificat \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire. Tous les deux r\u00e9volutionneront l’utilisation de la grande cornemuse \u00e9cossaise dans les bagado\u00f9, ce qui cr\u00e9era des conflits au sein de Bodadeg ar Sonerion.<\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de son int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la musique bretonne, il commence d\u00e8s l’adolescence, seul ou accompagn\u00e9 de ses amis bretons de Paris \u00e0 faire des collectes sonores notamment dans le pays vannetais, ainsi que dans la Bretagne int\u00e9rieure, notamment \u00e0 Sca\u00ebr et Glomel. Le premier enregistrement qu’il effectue seul, sur le terrain, date de l’\u00e9t\u00e9 1956, au Conquet, sur le magn\u00e9tophone de son fr\u00e8re. Apr\u00e8s un grave accident survenu en avril de l’ann\u00e9e suivante, assorti de 18 jours de coma, les m\u00e9decins l’ayant d\u00e9clar\u00e9 inapte \u00e0 poursuivre des \u00e9tudes, il d\u00e9cide de se consacrer \u00e0 des recherches sur la culture bretonne. Inscrit \u00e0 la Licence libre d’Ethnologie de la Sorbonne \u00e0 Paris, encadr\u00e9e par Andr\u00e9 Leroi-Gourhan, il se voit proposer par ce dernier, en 1964, de faire du terrain ethnologique \u00e0 Ploz\u00e9vet.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est \u00e0 cette occasion, \u00e9tant sur place de longs mois, qu’il parvient \u00e0 rencontrer, au manoir de Keransquer, pr\u00e8s de Quimperl\u00e9 (Finist\u00e8re), un descendant de Th\u00e9odore Hersart de La Villemarqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Manoir de Keransquer<\/em><\/p>\n

En 1965, il rencontre lors d’une enqu\u00eate sa future \u00e9pouse, Fran\u00e7oise Prigent. Elle lui apportera un soutien actif dans la r\u00e9daction des Sources de Barzaz Breiz.<\/p>\n

Avec le descendant de La Villemarqu\u00e9, il retrouve les carnets de collecte originaux sur lesquels le litt\u00e9rateur avait recueilli les chants qui ont servi de base \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction du Barzaz Breiz. Cette d\u00e9couverte, qui fera l\u2019objet, dix ans plus tard, d’une th\u00e8se soutenue en 1974 (suivie d’une version publique publi\u00e9e quinze ans plus tard, en 1989), permet de mieux comprendre et juger la valeur du travail du vicomte, un temps mise en doute. Les carnets montrent que La Villemarqu\u00e9 connaissait parfaitement la langue bretonne (contrairement \u00e0 ce que supposait en 1959 Francis Gourvil dans sa th\u00e8se sur le Barzaz-Breiz). Ils montrent aussi que La Villemarqu\u00e9 avait pris de grandes libert\u00e9s en constituant son recueil, arrangeant certaines pi\u00e8ces, supprimant les mots trop fran\u00e7ais, etc., mais les carnets montrent surtout que certains chants, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s par Luzel, Ferdinand Lot, Arbois de Jubainville, Anatole Le Braz, Francis Gourvil comme ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9s par La Villemarqu\u00e9, avaient bel et bien \u00e9t\u00e9 recueillis : c’est le cas de Merlin barde, Le Faucon, La Vassal de Duguesclin…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Le Barzaz Breizh, Ren\u00e9-Yves Creston (1942)<\/em><\/p>\n

Donatien Laurent a dirig\u00e9 le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique de l’Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne occidentale (Brest) pendant une douzaine d’ann\u00e9es. En 2015, Dastum en partenariat avec le CRBC et avec l’aide de Donatien Laurent et Laurent Bigot, met en ligne une partie du travail de documentation du fonds num\u00e9ris\u00e9 de Donatien Laurent, soit cent trente-six enqu\u00eates, r\u00e9alis\u00e9es principalement en Basse-Bretagne du milieu des ann\u00e9es 1950 \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1970.<\/p>\n

Il meurt dans la nuit du 24 au 25 mars 2020 \u00e0 Brest.<\/p>\n

Qui a tu\u00e9 Louis Le Ravallec ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Une lamentable histoire que celle du jeune Louis : le 13 avril 1732, il se rend avec quelques camarades au Pardon de Saint-Fiacre, dans le pays du Faou\u00ebt, c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction d\u2019un \u00e9norme bouquet de fleurs donn\u00e9 en offrande au saint-patron des jardiniers. Louis se laisse entra\u00eener \u00e0 un souper qui se prolonge tard dans la soir\u00e9e. Sur le chemin du retour, ses trois compagnons tuent le pauvre Louis. La justice, apr\u00e8s cinq ann\u00e9es de proc\u00e9dures, classe l\u2019affaire.<\/p>\n

En 1962, Donatien Laurent, parvient \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer l\u2019origine criminelle de la mort de Louis, apr\u00e8s une enqu\u00eate minutieuse passant par l\u2019analyse d\u2019une gwerz, une complainte bretonne, qui relate les faits, jouant ainsi son r\u00f4le de m\u00e9moire collective \u00e0 travers les si\u00e8cles.<\/p>\n

Le film \u00ab\u00a0Qui a tu\u00e9 Louis Le Ravallec\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/a> de Philippe Guilloux revient sur cette \u00e9tude de la m\u00e9moire orale des Celtes breton dans le processus de vengeance post-mortem.<\/p>\n

Olwen Kerdrel<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EMSAV – D’origine brestoise et nantaise, il a appris la langue bretonne, la danse et la musique bretonne, \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la culture celtique. Il dirige ainsi pendant douze ans le Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique. Il fut l’un des premiers ethnologues \u00e0 analyser la culture orale et la tradition chant\u00e9e en Bretagne. Tout au long […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sb_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emsav","category-principale"],"relative_dates":{"created":"7 mois ago","modified":"7 mois ago"},"yoast_head":"\nEmsav : 27 septembre 1935, naissance du linguiste et ethnologue Donatien Laurent - STOURM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=2442\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emsav : 27 septembre 1935, naissance du linguiste et ethnologue Donatien Laurent - STOURM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EMSAV – D’origine brestoise et nantaise, il a appris la langue bretonne, la danse et la musique bretonne, \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la culture celtique. 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