{"id":5240,"date":"2025-12-09T10:17:43","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T10:17:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5240"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:19:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T10:19:40","slug":"les-linguistes-gallois-entreprennent-la-redaction-du-premier-dictionnaire-exhaustif-de-lancien-celtique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5240","title":{"rendered":"Les linguistes gallois entreprennent la r\u00e9daction du premier dictionnaire exhaustif de l’ancien celtique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans un projet ambitieux qui promet de faire revivre les \u00e9chos d’une langue oubli\u00e9e, des experts de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Aberystwyth, au Pays de Galles, se lancent dans la compilation du tout premier dictionnaire complet de l’ancien celtique d’apr\u00e8s The Guardian. Bien que ce volume ne soit pas destin\u00e9 \u00e0 rivaliser en \u00e9paisseur avec les dictionnaires modernes \u2013 la majorit\u00e9 des traces linguistiques ayant disparu au fil des si\u00e8cles \u2013, il devrait recenser plus de 1 000 mots utilis\u00e9s d\u00e8s 325 av. J.-C. Cette initiative vise \u00e0 reconstituer le paysage linguistique de l’Antiquit\u00e9 en Grande-Bretagne et en Irlande, offrant une fen\u00eatre unique sur une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les Celtes dominaient ces \u00eeles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une langue m\u00e9connue aux sources rares<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Le celtique ancien, anc\u00eatre des langues celtiques contemporaines comme le gallois, l’irlandais, le ga\u00e9lique \u00e9cossais, le breton et le cornique, reste largement m\u00e9connu en raison de la raret\u00e9 des sources \u00e9crites. Contrairement \u00e0 la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, o\u00f9 les Grecs, Ph\u00e9niciens, Romains et \u00c9trusques laissaient des archives abondantes, le nord-ouest de l’Europe offre peu de t\u00e9moignages directs. Les linguistes s’appuient donc sur des fragments dispers\u00e9s : des comptes rendus de Jules C\u00e9sar sur ses conqu\u00eates en Europe du Nord, des inscriptions sur des pierres comm\u00e9moratives, et m\u00eame des documents administratifs romains r\u00e9dig\u00e9s en latin ou en grec, mais parsem\u00e9s de noms celtiques de lieux, de tribus ou d’individus.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Ces sources disparates n’ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 rassembl\u00e9es auparavant d’une mani\u00e8re qui offre un tel aper\u00e7u de la nature des langues celtiques parl\u00e9es dans ces \u00eeles au d\u00e9but de la p\u00e9riode historique \u00bb, explique le Dr Simon Rodway, charg\u00e9 de cours senior au d\u00e9partement des \u00e9tudes galloises et celtiques de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Aberystwyth, qui pilote le projet. \u00ab Le tableau du paysage linguistique de la Grande-Bretagne et de l’Irlande int\u00e9ressera non seulement les linguistes, mais aussi les historiens, les arch\u00e9ologues et les arch\u00e9og\u00e9n\u00e9ticiens. \u00bbUne couverture historique \u00e9tendueLe dictionnaire couvrira une p\u00e9riode s’\u00e9tendant d’environ 325 av. J.-C. \u00e0 500 apr. J.-C., englobant l’arriv\u00e9e des Romains en Bretagne et les d\u00e9buts de l’\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne en Irlande. La majeure partie des mat\u00e9riaux proviendra de l’\u00e9poque romaine en Grande-Bretagne, du Ier au IVe si\u00e8cle apr. J.-C., incluant des lettres de soldats romains stationn\u00e9s sur l’\u00eele.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Universit\u00e9 d’Aberystwyth<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous disposons de beaucoup de mat\u00e9riel de la Bretagne romaine, y compris des lettres de soldats. C’est presque enti\u00e8rement en latin, mais on y trouve de temps \u00e0 autre un mot celtique \u00bb, note Rodway. En Irlande, les sources sont plus rares, car l’\u00eele n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 l’Empire romain, mais des inscriptions en alphabet ogham \u2013 un syst\u00e8me de lignes droites grav\u00e9es sur la pierre, le m\u00e9tal, l’os ou le bois \u2013 fournissent des indices pr\u00e9cieux, notamment dans le comt\u00e9 de Cork ou en Cornouailles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des liens entre ancien et moderneUn des charmes de ce projet r\u00e9side dans les connexions qu’il r\u00e9v\u00e8le entre l’ancien et le moderne. Par exemple, le mot pour \u00ab mer \u00bb en gallois (\u00ab m\u00f4r \u00bb) et en ancien irlandais (\u00ab muir \u00bb) trouve son \u00e9cho dans des noms celtiques comme \u00ab Moridunum \u00bb, signifiant \u00ab forteresse de la mer \u00bb, ancien nom de Carmarthen au sud-ouest du Pays de Galles. Ces similitudes, malgr\u00e9 les divergences entre les langues celtiques actuelles, soulignent une unit\u00e9 linguistique profonde qui a travers\u00e9 les mill\u00e9naires.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Le Dr Simon Rodway<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00ab \u00c0 l’exception d’un tr\u00e8s petit nombre d’inscriptions en langues celtiques de la Bretagne romaine, nous d\u00e9pendons de documents en latin ou en grec qui contiennent des noms de lieux, de groupes ethniques ou d’individus que nous pouvons identifier comme celtiques \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Rodway. \u00ab Des \u00e9tudes sur les toponymes et quelques inscriptions ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es, mais nous allons tout regrouper pour voir quels sch\u00e9mas \u00e9mergent. \u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

Une accessibilit\u00e9 pour tous les chercheurs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce dictionnaire ne se contentera pas d’une existence num\u00e9rique : des versions en ligne et imprim\u00e9e sont pr\u00e9vues, rendant accessible ce tr\u00e9sor aux chercheurs du monde entier. Au-del\u00e0 de la linguistique pure, il pourrait \u00e9clairer des d\u00e9bats sur les migrations celtiques, les \u00e9changes culturels avec Rome et m\u00eame les origines g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des populations insulaires.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans un monde o\u00f9 les langues minoritaires luttent pour leur survie, ce projet rappelle l’importance de pr\u00e9server les racines. Comme le souligne Rodway, \u00ab en Europe du nord-ouest, \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode ancienne, nous n’avons pas beaucoup d’histoire \u00e9crite. Une fois qu’on arrive au nord de la France et en Grande-Bretagne, il n’y a presque rien. Nous avons les noms de lieux et les noms personnels, et on peut commencer \u00e0 reconstruire une sorte de r\u00e9cit \u00e0 partir de cela. \u00bbCe dictionnaire, modeste en volume mais riche en implications, pourrait bien devenir un pilier pour la compr\u00e9hension de notre pass\u00e9 celtique partag\u00e9. \u00c0 suivre de pr\u00e8s, alors que les linguistes d’Aberystwyth tissent patiemment les fils d’une langue perdue. <\/span><\/p>\n

Olier Kerdrel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans un projet ambitieux qui promet de faire revivre les \u00e9chos d’une langue oubli\u00e9e, des experts de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Aberystwyth, au Pays de Galles, se lancent dans la compilation du tout premier dictionnaire complet de l’ancien celtique d’apr\u00e8s The Guardian. Bien que ce volume ne soit pas destin\u00e9 \u00e0 rivaliser en \u00e9paisseur avec les dictionnaires modernes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sb_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84,75,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-celtisme","category-histoire","category-principale"],"relative_dates":{"created":"5 mois ago","modified":"5 mois ago"},"yoast_head":"\nLes linguistes gallois entreprennent la r\u00e9daction du premier dictionnaire exhaustif de l'ancien celtique - STOURM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5240\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les linguistes gallois entreprennent la r\u00e9daction du premier dictionnaire exhaustif de l'ancien celtique - STOURM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans un projet ambitieux qui promet de faire revivre les \u00e9chos d’une langue oubli\u00e9e, des experts de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Aberystwyth, au Pays de Galles, se lancent dans la compilation du tout premier dictionnaire complet de l’ancien celtique d’apr\u00e8s The Guardian. 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