{"id":5627,"date":"2026-02-14T13:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-14T13:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5627"},"modified":"2026-02-14T13:15:00","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T13:15:00","slug":"emsav-14-fevrier-1894-naissance-de-james-bouille-artiste-et-martyr-de-la-cause-nationale-bretonne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5627","title":{"rendered":"Emsav : 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894, naissance de James Bouill\u00e9, artiste et martyr de la cause nationale bretonne"},"content":{"rendered":"

James Bouill\u00e9 n\u00e9 le 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894 incarne l\u2019une des figures les plus passionn\u00e9es et tragiques du renouveau culturel breton au XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Architecte visionnaire, artiste engag\u00e9 et militant breton, il consacra sa courte vie \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre une Bretagne moderne, profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9e dans ses traditions celtiques et chr\u00e9tiennes, face \u00e0 l\u2019uniformisation r\u00e9publicaine impos\u00e9e par Paris. Son \u0153uvre architecturale, novatrice et symbolique, m\u00eale b\u00e9ton arm\u00e9, formes g\u00e9om\u00e9triques \u00e9pur\u00e9es, motifs celtiques et spiritualit\u00e9 catholique. Son engagement fervent pour la nation bretonne et sa mort tragique lors de la r\u00e9pression anti-bretonne de 1945 en font une personnalit\u00e9 embl\u00e9matique et admir\u00e9e et controvers\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Enfance et formation<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e9 le 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894 \u00e0 Gwengamp (Guingamp), James Bouill\u00e9 grandit dans un environnement impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 de culture bretonne. Son p\u00e8re, \u00c9tienne Bouill\u00e9, peintre paysagiste et photographe amateur, lui transmet tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t un amour visc\u00e9ral pour les paysages armoricains, les traditions celtiques et l\u2019\u00e2me de la Bretagne. Apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes brillantes aux Beaux-Arts de Paris, o\u00f9 il excelle, la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale le mobilise en 1914. Gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9 au combat, il revient physiquement diminu\u00e9 \u2013 une blessure qui le marquera \u00e0 vie \u2013 mais spirituellement renforc\u00e9 dans sa foi catholique et son attachement \u00e0 la Bretagne. Refusant l\u2019assimilation culturelle fran\u00e7aise et le modernisme d\u00e9racin\u00e9, il s\u2019installe durablement en Bretagne, d\u2019abord \u00e0 Perros-Guirec, pour y d\u00e9ployer une \u0153uvre \u00e0 la fois artistique, th\u00e9orique et id\u00e9ologique. D\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1920, il d\u00e9veloppe une activit\u00e9 intense de constructions de villas n\u00e9o-bretonnes, int\u00e9grant mat\u00e9riaux locaux (granit rose de Ploumanac\u2019h) et techniques modernes pour un confort contemporain, tout en pr\u00e9servant l\u2019harmonie avec le paysage.<\/span><\/p>\n

Engagement nationaliste breton<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e8s la fin des ann\u00e9es 1910, Bouill\u00e9 s\u2019engage activement dans le mouvement nationaliste breton. En 1919, il cr\u00e9e une section parisienne d\u2019Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz (Union de la Jeunesse bretonne). Il adh\u00e8re ensuite \u00e0 Breiz Atao, revue et organisation autonomiste qui pr\u00f4ne l\u2019autonomie culturelle et politique de la Bretagne face au centralisme fran\u00e7ais. Pour lui, la nation bretonne n\u2019est pas un folklore fig\u00e9, mais une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 vivante, dynamique, \u00e0 exprimer par l\u2019art, la spiritualit\u00e9 et l\u2019architecture. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

En 1923, il cofonde les Seiz Breur (\u00ab Les Sept Fr\u00e8res \u00bb) avec Jeanne Malivel et Ren\u00e9-Yves Creston. Ce groupe d\u2019artistes vise \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un art breton contemporain, inspir\u00e9 des motifs celtiques ancestraux (spirales, entrelacs, symboles) tout en rejetant les pastiches sulpiciens mi\u00e8vres et les exc\u00e8s du modernisme international d\u00e9connect\u00e9 des racines populaires. Bouill\u00e9 y voit un outil puissant de r\u00e9sistance culturelle : l\u2019art doit \u00eatre populaire, ancr\u00e9 dans le peuple breton, f\u00e9d\u00e9rateur autour des identit\u00e9s celtiques et chr\u00e9tiennes, et capable de contrer l\u2019uniformisation impos\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat r\u00e9publicain.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Atelier breton d\u2019art chr\u00e9tien et les r\u00e9alisations architecturales<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En 1929, Bouill\u00e9 fonde \u00e0 Pontivy l\u2019Atelier breton d\u2019art chr\u00e9tien (ABAC ou Strollad an Droellen \u2013 \u00ab la Spirale \u00bb), avec Xavier de Langlais (peintre), Jules-Charles Le Bozec (sculpteur) et d\u2019autres artisans. Cet atelier devient le laboratoire d\u2019un renouveau radical de l\u2019art sacr\u00e9 breton : architecture, vitraux, mobilier liturgique, peintures murales, orf\u00e8vrerie et broderie s\u2019unissent pour r\u00e9enchanter les lieux de culte. Bouill\u00e9 d\u00e9fend un style g\u00e9om\u00e9trique, symbolique, utilisant le b\u00e9ton arm\u00e9 pour des formes audacieuses (arcs paraboliques), int\u00e9grant motifs celtiques et une spiritualit\u00e9 catholique profond\u00e9ment enracin\u00e9e dans le sol breton.Ses principales r\u00e9alisations architecturales, souvent collaboratives et prot\u00e9g\u00e9es au titre des Monuments historiques, incluent :<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c9glise Sainte-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se de Gou\u00e9dic<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9glise Sainte-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se de Gou\u00e9dic \u00e0 Saint-Brieuc (1932) : l\u2019une de ses premi\u00e8res grandes commandes religieuses, m\u00ealant tradition bretonne et simplicit\u00e9 g\u00e9om\u00e9trique contemporaine.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Chapelle des aviateurs<\/span><\/p>\n

Chapelle des aviateurs sur l\u2019\u00eele Tristan \u00e0 Douarnenez (1930) : style n\u00e9o-breton, d\u00e9di\u00e9e en hommage \u00e0 Dieudonn\u00e9 Costes.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Chapelle du coll\u00e8ge Saint-Joseph<\/span><\/p>\n

Chapelle du coll\u00e8ge Saint-Joseph (aujourd\u2019hui Institution Saint-Joseph) \u00e0 Lannion (1935-1938) : son chef-d\u2019\u0153uvre embl\u00e9matique, avec arcs paraboliques en b\u00e9ton arm\u00e9, parements de granit local, vaste fresque de Xavier de Langlais (chemin de croix et ch\u0153ur) et vitraux de Georges Rual ; un espace lumineux et transparent qui incarne l\u2019audace technique au service de l\u2019identit\u00e9 bretonne.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Notre-Dame de Koat-Keo<\/span><\/p>\n

Chapelle Notre-Dame de Koat-Keo \u00e0 Scrignac (1937) : command\u00e9e par l\u2019abb\u00e9 Jean-Marie Perrot (fondateur du Bleun-Brug), avec sculptures de Le Bozec ; exemple significatif du style n\u00e9o-breton moderne, class\u00e9e Monument historique (endommag\u00e9e par un incendie en 2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c9glise Notre-Dame de l\u2019Armor <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9glise Notre-Dame de l\u2019Armor (ou \u00e9glise de Larmor) \u00e0 Pleubian (1932) : vitraux de Paul Rault, pierres de parement en granit rose.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00c9glise (ou chapelle) Saint-Ivy \u00e0 Loguivy-de-la-Mer<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9glise (ou chapelle) Saint-Ivy \u00e0 Loguivy-de-la-Mer, Ploubazlanec (1938-1939) : nef et aile gauche achev\u00e9es en 1939, clocher et aile droite compl\u00e9t\u00e9s en 1949 apr\u00e8s sa mort ; atypique, surplombant le port, avec charpente \u00e9voquant une coque de bateau pour une acoustique remarquable et arcs bris\u00e9s en granit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autres : agrandissement de la chapelle Saint-Guirec \u00e0 Ploumanac\u2019h (1938), \u00e9glise Notre-Dame de Campostal \u00e0 Rostrenen, villas comme Mer et Falaise \u00e0 Tr\u00e9beurden (1928) ou Kelenn \u00e0 Tr\u00e9gastel (1933).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ces \u0153uvres t\u00e9moignent d\u2019une qu\u00eate d\u2019harmonie entre tradition celtique, foi chr\u00e9tienne et modernit\u00e9. Pour Bouill\u00e9, l\u2019art sacr\u00e9 est un acte politique : il affirme l\u2019identit\u00e9 bretonne contre l\u2019uniformisation, r\u00e9concilie pass\u00e9 et pr\u00e9sent.<\/span><\/p>\n

La mort tragique et l\u2019h\u00e9ritage<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bien que Bouill\u00e9 ne soit pas un collaborateur actif document\u00e9, son pass\u00e9 \u00e0 Breiz Atao et son engagement breton le rendent suspect aux yeux des bandes communistes \u00e0 la botte de Staline. D\u00e8s octobre 1944, Andr\u00e9 Dezarrois l\u2019avertit du danger, mais il reste confiant en son innocence. En 1945, dans un climat de terreur rouge, il est arr\u00eat\u00e9 et intern\u00e9 \u00e0 Pontivy dans des conditions effroyables. Affaibli par ses blessures de 1914-1918, min\u00e9 par la maladie et les mauvais traitements, James Bouill\u00e9 meurt le 22 juin 1945 \u00e0 Pontivy, \u00e0 seulement 51 ans. Cette fin pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e et injuste brise l\u2019\u00e9lan de l\u2019ABAC, laisse une veuve et six enfants dans le d\u00e9nuement. Aujourd\u2019hui, James Bouill\u00e9 reste une figure fascinante : patriote breton ardent, innovateur audacieux dans l\u2019art sacr\u00e9, victime de la trag\u00e9die de l’Emsav. Son legs perdure dans ces \u00e9difices class\u00e9s, t\u00e9moins vivants d\u2019une Bretagne qui, par l\u2019art et l\u2019architecture, cherche \u00e0 affirmer sa nationalit\u00e9 en d\u00e9pit des temp\u00eates et des obstacles. <\/span><\/p>\n

Olier Kerdrel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

James Bouill\u00e9 n\u00e9 le 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894 incarne l\u2019une des figures les plus passionn\u00e9es et tragiques du renouveau culturel breton au XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Architecte visionnaire, artiste engag\u00e9 et militant breton, il consacra sa courte vie \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre une Bretagne moderne, profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9e dans ses traditions celtiques et chr\u00e9tiennes, face \u00e0 l\u2019uniformisation r\u00e9publicaine impos\u00e9e par Paris. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sb_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emsav","category-principale"],"relative_dates":{"created":"3 mois ago","modified":"3 mois ago"},"yoast_head":"\nEmsav : 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894, naissance de James Bouill\u00e9, artiste et martyr de la cause nationale bretonne - STOURM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5627\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emsav : 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894, naissance de James Bouill\u00e9, artiste et martyr de la cause nationale bretonne - STOURM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"James Bouill\u00e9 n\u00e9 le 14 f\u00e9vrier 1894 incarne l\u2019une des figures les plus passionn\u00e9es et tragiques du renouveau culturel breton au XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. 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Architecte visionnaire, artiste engag\u00e9 et militant breton, il consacra sa courte vie \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre une Bretagne moderne, profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9e dans ses traditions celtiques et chr\u00e9tiennes, face \u00e0 l\u2019uniformisation r\u00e9publicaine impos\u00e9e par Paris. 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