{"id":5636,"date":"2026-02-17T10:41:40","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T10:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5636"},"modified":"2026-02-17T10:42:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T10:42:49","slug":"emsav-17-fevrier-1923-naissance-de-youenn-olier-ecrivain-et-nationaliste-breton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5636","title":{"rendered":"Emsav : 17 f\u00e9vrier 1923, naissance de Youenn Olier, \u00e9crivain et nationaliste breton"},"content":{"rendered":"

Youenn Olier, de son nom fran\u00e7ais Yves Ollivier, fut l\u2019une des figures les plus marquantes et les plus discr\u00e8tes du renouveau breton au XXe si\u00e8cle. Incarnation d\u2019un patriotisme culturel tenace et \u00e9rudit, il d\u00e9fendit avec constance l\u2019\u00e2me mill\u00e9naire de la Bretagne \u00e0 travers la langue, la litt\u00e9rature et une foi catholique profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9e dans le terroir breton. N\u00e9 le 17 f\u00e9vrier 1923 \u00e0 Gwaien (Audierne), dans le Cap Sizun, il s\u2019\u00e9teignit le 15 d\u00e9cembre 2004 \u00e0 Gwened (Vannes), apr\u00e8s une vie enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 sa patrie. Catholique fervent et nationaliste breton convaincu, il incarna ce combat patient pour une Bretagne fid\u00e8le \u00e0 ses racines, refusant la francisation en forgeant des outils intellectuels pour que son peuple nomme le monde \u00e0 sa fa\u00e7on.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeunesse et formation : les racines d\u2019un engagement visc\u00e9ral<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Youenn Olier grandit dans une Cornouaille encore largement bretonnante, o\u00f9 la langue maternelle r\u00e9sonnait dans les foyers. Gwaien (Audierne), port de p\u00eache fier et isol\u00e9, impr\u00e9gna son enfance des valeurs d\u2019un peuple marin et paysan. \u00c9lev\u00e9 par des parents brittophones, il apprit pourtant le fran\u00e7ais comme langue principale, mais resta locuteur pr\u00e9coce du breton gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son grand-p\u00e8re et \u00e0 l\u2019environnement local. D\u00e8s l\u2019adolescence, il fut sensible \u00e0 la menace qui pesait sur la langue bretonne, \u00e9touff\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9cole r\u00e9publicaine et la francisation acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e. Ses \u00e9tudes le port\u00e8rent vers les lettres classiques. Professeur de latin et de grec de 1946 \u00e0 1956, il transmit aux jeunes non seulement les humanit\u00e9s antiques, mais aussi une conscience de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage celtique reliant la Bretagne \u00e0 un pass\u00e9 europ\u00e9en bien plus vaste que celui de l’Hexagone. Cette p\u00e9riode renfor\u00e7a chez lui la conviction que l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la culture \u00e9taient les armes les plus puissantes pour r\u00e9veiller l\u2019identit\u00e9 bretonne. <\/span><\/p>\n

Carri\u00e8re professionnelle : gardien des archives bretonnes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En 1956, Olier devint biblioth\u00e9caire \u00e0 Roazhon (Rennes), capitale historique de la Bretagne, poste qu\u2019il occupa jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa retraite en 1983. Ce r\u00f4le discret fut pour lui une mission essentielle : plong\u00e9 dans les fonds patrimoniaux, il veilla sur les tr\u00e9sors \u00e9crits de la Bretagne, encouragea les chercheurs et contribua \u00e0 pr\u00e9server ce qui risquait l\u2019oubli. Roazhon (Rennes), avec son pass\u00e9 ducal et capitale de l\u2019Emsav, offrit un cadre id\u00e9al pour cultiver un savoir vivant et accessible. Son travail n\u2019\u00e9tait pas neutre : chaque livre sauv\u00e9 renfor\u00e7ait la cha\u00eene ininterrompue de la culture bretonne face \u00e0 l\u2019uniformisation. <\/span><\/p>\n

Engagement dans l’Emsav<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e8s 1945, avec Yann Ar Gall, il lan\u00e7a An Avel, un p\u00e9riodique nationaliste d\u2019inspiration catholique en fran\u00e7ais, d\u00e9fendant une vision autonomiste o\u00f9 foi et nationalit\u00e9 bretonne se renfor\u00e7aient mutuellement. Catholique convaincu, il y opposait \u00e0 la R\u00e9publique la\u00efque un nationalisme fervent, ancr\u00e9 dans la terre de Bretagne et la spiritualit\u00e9 des saints bretons. Son r\u00f4le devint central dans les revues bretonnantes : contributions r\u00e9guli\u00e8res \u00e0 Al Liamm, Emsav Stadel Breizh, Barr-Heol, Imbourc\u2019h, Gevred et d\u2019autres bastions de la litt\u00e9rature en breton. En 1954, issu de Al Liamm, naquit Hor Yezh (\u00ab Notre Langue \u00bb), revue linguistique qu\u2019il soutint activement pour moderniser le breton et le rendre outil complet de la modernit\u00e9. Avec P\u00ear Denez et Ronan Huon, il reprit le flambeau de l\u2019esprit de Gwalarn, promouvant une litt\u00e9rature nationale digne, capable d\u2019exprimer l\u2019universel sans renier ses racines celtiques. En 1969, avec Pol Kalvez et son neveu Tangi Louarn, il fonda Skol An Emsav, structure formative qui pr\u00e9para les cadres du mouvement immersif en breton, quatre ans avant Diwan. Imbourc\u2019h (\u00ab Qu\u00eate \u00bb), publication li\u00e9e \u00e0 ce centre, devint un foyer de recherche philologique normative, promouvant l\u2019enseignement du breton au second degr\u00e9. Olier, philosophe bretonnant exclusif, \u00e9leva la langue vers les sommets pour y exprimer une \u00ab pens\u00e9e compl\u00e8te \u00bb, admir\u00e9e m\u00eame par ses d\u00e9tracteurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0152uvre litt\u00e9raire : une plume prolifique au service de l\u2019\u00e2me bretonne<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Youenn Olier fut l\u2019un des \u00e9crivains les plus prolifiques de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle en breton, influenc\u00e9 par Gwalarn et le IIIe Emsav. Son \u0153uvre, vari\u00e9e et exigeante, m\u00eale profondeur psychologique, attachement visc\u00e9ral \u00e0 la Bretagne et critique de la modernit\u00e9 ali\u00e9nante.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u00e9sie : Kelc\u2019h An Amzer (\u00ab Le Cercle du Temps \u00bb, r\u00e9\u00e9dit\u00e9 en 1994), m\u00e9ditation sur l\u2019\u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8re ancr\u00e9e dans les paysages bretons ; Barzhonego\u00f9 (1969), explorant l\u2019\u00e9tranger et l\u2019unit\u00e9 bretonne, avec des po\u00e8mes comme Va Fobl (\u00ab Mon Peuple \u00bb) d\u00e9plorant les divisions internes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Romans : E Penn an Hent (\u00ab Au Bout de la Route \u00bb, 1963), r\u00e9cit introspectif ; Porzh An Ifern (\u00ab La Porte de l\u2019Enfer \u00bb, 1982), plong\u00e9e dans les tourments humains ; Poanio\u00f9 Spered an Tad Gwazdoue ; Enez Ar Vertuz (\u00ab L\u2019\u00cele de la Vertu \u00bb), roman de science-fiction utopique o\u00f9 la Bretagne incarne une r\u00e9sistance historique.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Essais et travaux historiques : Ar Fest-Noz (1960), c\u00e9l\u00e9bration des f\u00eates bretonnes ; Istor Hol Lennegezh (\u00ab Histoire de Notre Litt\u00e9rature \u00bb, 2 volumes), analyse critique de Skol Walarn et d\u2019auteurs comme Roparz Hemon ; Istor an Emsav (\u00ab Histoire du Mouvement Breton \u00bb, du XIXe \u00e0 1945), r\u00e9f\u00e9rence contextualisant faits et acteurs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autres : Ur Bloavezh er Broio\u00f9-Krec\u2019h (\u00ab Une Ann\u00e9e dans les Pays de l\u2019Ouest \u00bb), r\u00e9cit de voyage ; Distro e Breizh (\u00ab Retour en Bretagne \u00bb, 1996) ; traductions d\u2019\u0153uvres russes en breton ; son journal intime (Deizlevr, 25 volumes de 1940 \u00e0 1966), t\u00e9moignage pr\u00e9cieux sur l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il traduisit aussi Euripide et d\u2019autres classiques, prouvant que le breton pouvait porter l\u2019universel. <\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e9ritage : un passeur d\u2019\u00e2me pour la Bretagne \u00e9ternelle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 sa mort, Youenn Olier laissa une Bretagne enrichie de mots et d\u2019esp\u00e9rance. Reconnu comme un philosophe bretonnant original, il influen\u00e7a des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations par sa d\u00e9fense obstin\u00e9e de la langue comme colonne vert\u00e9brale de l\u2019identit\u00e9 nationale de la Bretagne. Dans une \u00e8re de mondialisation effa\u00e7ant les identit\u00e9s, son \u0153uvre incarne une r\u00e9sistance inflexible. <\/span><\/p>\n

Olier Kerdrel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Youenn Olier, de son nom fran\u00e7ais Yves Ollivier, fut l\u2019une des figures les plus marquantes et les plus discr\u00e8tes du renouveau breton au XXe si\u00e8cle. Incarnation d\u2019un patriotisme culturel tenace et \u00e9rudit, il d\u00e9fendit avec constance l\u2019\u00e2me mill\u00e9naire de la Bretagne \u00e0 travers la langue, la litt\u00e9rature et une foi catholique profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9e dans le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sb_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emsav","category-principale"],"relative_dates":{"created":"2 mois ago","modified":"2 mois ago"},"yoast_head":"\nEmsav : 17 f\u00e9vrier 1923, naissance de Youenn Olier, \u00e9crivain et nationaliste breton - STOURM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=5636\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emsav : 17 f\u00e9vrier 1923, naissance de Youenn Olier, \u00e9crivain et nationaliste breton - STOURM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Youenn Olier, de son nom fran\u00e7ais Yves Ollivier, fut l\u2019une des figures les plus marquantes et les plus discr\u00e8tes du renouveau breton au XXe si\u00e8cle. 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