{"id":6191,"date":"2026-05-21T08:25:51","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T08:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=6191"},"modified":"2026-05-21T08:25:51","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T08:25:51","slug":"saint-yves-des-bretons-a-rome-une-eglise-nationale-bretonne-fondee-au-xve-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=6191","title":{"rendered":"Saint-Yves-des-Bretons \u00e0 Rome : une \u00e9glise nationale bretonne fond\u00e9e au XVe si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au c\u0153ur du rione Campo Marzio, dans le Vicolo della Campana pr\u00e8s de la via della Scrofa, se dresse l’\u00e9glise Saint-Yves-des-Bretons (Sant\u2019Ivo dei Bretoni). Fond\u00e9e en 1455 sur demande de l’\u00c9tat breton, elle incarne la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 bretonne active \u00e0 Rome au milieu du XVe si\u00e8cle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sence bretonne \u00e0 Rome au XVe si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e8s le haut Moyen \u00c2ge, des Bretons se rendent \u00e0 Rome en p\u00e8lerinage. Les troubles du Grand Schisme (1378-1417) et les guerres en Italie r\u00e9duisent temporairement ces flux, mais au XVe si\u00e8cle, avec la stabilisation de la papaut\u00e9 \u00e0 Rome sous Nicolas V (1447-1455), les p\u00e8lerins, clercs, \u00e9tudiants en droit canonique et marchands bretons reviennent en nombre. Comme d\u2019autres nations (Espagnols, Fran\u00e7ais, Allemands, Anglais, etc.), les Bretons disposent de maisons hospitali\u00e8res depuis le XIVe si\u00e8cle, mais ils manquent encore d\u2019une \u00e9glise propre. Saint Yves (Yves H\u00e9lory de Kermartin, 1253-1303, canonis\u00e9 en 1347 sur demande du duc Arzhur II), avocat des pauvres originaire de Landreger (Tr\u00e9guier), devient leur patron naturel. Sa renomm\u00e9e comme mod\u00e8le de justice et de charit\u00e9 attire particuli\u00e8rement les \u00e9tudiants bretons en droit \u00e0 Rome.<\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 bretonne se concentre sur la rive gauche du Tibre, pr\u00e8s du quartier des marbriers. Elle comprend des curiaux (clercs de la Curie pontificale), des p\u00e8lerins et des r\u00e9sidents temporaires. Des maisons hospitali\u00e8res existent d\u00e9j\u00e0, mais l\u2019absence d\u2019un sanctuaire d\u00e9di\u00e9 motive la demande d\u2019une \u00e9glise nationale.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019initiative du cardinal Alain de Co\u00ebtivy<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tombe d’Alain de Co\u00ebtivy \u00e0 Sainte-Prax\u00e8de.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

L\u2019artisan principal de la fondation est Alain de Co\u00ebtivy (1407-1474), issu d\u2019une noble famille du L\u00e9on (Ploun\u00e9venter). \u00c9v\u00eaque de Kemper (Quimper), puis cardinal en 1448 et archev\u00eaque d\u2019Avignon, il jouit d\u2019une forte influence \u00e0 la cour pontificale. Proche de Nicolas V, il contribue \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lection d\u2019Alphonse Borgia comme pape Calixte III en 1455.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alain intervient en Bretagne comme l\u00e9gat pontifical sous Calixte III (1455-1458). Il pr\u00e9side la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie de canonisation et d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation des reliques de saint Vincent Ferrier \u00e0 Vannes en 1456 (saint tr\u00e8s cher aux ducs, notamment Yann V qui l\u2019avait fait venir en Bretagne). Il visite ensuite Rennes et p\u00e8lerine au Folgo\u00ebt, haut lieu de la pi\u00e9t\u00e9 bretonne.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1450, Co\u00ebtivy obtient de Nicolas V la concession d\u2019une ancienne \u00e9glise en ruine : Sant\u2019Andrea de Mortariis (ou de Marmorariis), datant des VIIIe-IXe si\u00e8cles et li\u00e9e \u00e0 la confr\u00e9rie des marbriers romains. La bulle de Calixte III, Rationi congruit, dat\u00e9e du 20 avril 1455, confirme solennellement cette donation aux Bretons de la Curie. L\u2019\u00e9glise change de vocable pour \u00eatre d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 saint Yves. Elle est \u00e9rig\u00e9e en paroisse en 1456.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les Bretons restaurent radicalement le b\u00e2timent (nef, collat\u00e9raux, abside) et y ajoutent un hospice et un h\u00f4pital pour p\u00e8lerins et indigents bretons. La paroisse sert \u00e0 la fois aux Bretons et \u00e0 des paroissiens locaux (Italiens, Espagnols). Les cur\u00e9s sont souvent choisis parmi les eccl\u00e9siastiques bretons.<\/span><\/p>\n

La confr\u00e9rie et le fonctionnement quotidien<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

La duchesse Anne de Bretagne<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

En 1513, sur recommandation d\u2019Anne de Bretagne (duchesse de Bretagne) et du cardinal breton Robert Guib\u00e9, le pape L\u00e9on X \u00e9rige canoniquement la Confr\u00e9rie de Saint-Yves-des-Bretons par la bulle Si populus Israeliticus. G\u00e9r\u00e9e par deux procureurs bretons, elle administre l\u2019\u00e9glise, l\u2019hospice et les biens issus de dons et legs de Bretons. Des cardinaux bretons comme les Rohan ou Co\u00ebtivy lui-m\u00eame contribuent financi\u00e8rement.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9glise devient un centre de vie communautaire : messes (parfois avec des particularit\u00e9s locales), assistance aux malades, accueil des \u00e9tudiants et p\u00e8lerins. Les armoiries \u00e0 hermines et la v\u00e9n\u00e9ration de saint Yves renforcent le sentiment d\u2019appartenance. Co\u00ebtivy meurt \u00e0 Rome en 1474 et est inhum\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9glise Sainte-Prax\u00e8de, non loin. <\/span><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s 1532<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Saint Yves des Bretons<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

L’annexion ill\u00e9gale de la Bretagne par la France au terme du coup d’\u00e9tat de 1532 ne supprime pas imm\u00e9diatement le caract\u00e8re national de l’\u00e9glise. En 1582, Gr\u00e9goire XIII r\u00e9unit la confr\u00e9rie \u00e0 celle de Saint-Louis-des-Fran\u00e7ais, mais l\u2019\u00e9glise conserve son identit\u00e9. Le parlement de Bretagne intervient parfois pour d\u00e9fendre ses revenus. La paroisse fonctionne jusqu\u2019en 1824.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Au XIXe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019\u00e9difice ancien souffre d\u2019inondations du Tibre et de n\u00e9gligence. D\u00e9moli en 1875 lors de travaux urbains, il est reconstruit plus petit par Luca Carimini (style n\u00e9o-Renaissance) vers 1890, sur un emplacement l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9cal\u00e9. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments anciens (dallage cosmatesque, colonnes, m\u00e9daillon Della Robbia) sont r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s. Aujourd\u2019hui, elle fait partie d’une structure fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 Rome, g\u00e9r\u00e9s par la Fondation des Pieux \u00c9tablissements, privant l’\u00e9glise Saint Yves des Bretons de sa dimension nationale premi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olier Kerdrel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Au c\u0153ur du rione Campo Marzio, dans le Vicolo della Campana pr\u00e8s de la via della Scrofa, se dresse l’\u00e9glise Saint-Yves-des-Bretons (Sant\u2019Ivo dei Bretoni). Fond\u00e9e en 1455 sur demande de l’\u00c9tat breton, elle incarne la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 bretonne active \u00e0 Rome au milieu du XVe si\u00e8cle.\u00a0 La pr\u00e9sence bretonne \u00e0 Rome au XVe si\u00e8cle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sb_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[58,50,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-breizh","category-histoire-de-bretagne","category-principale"],"relative_dates":{"created":"8 heures ago","modified":"8 heures ago"},"yoast_head":"\nSaint-Yves-des-Bretons \u00e0 Rome : une \u00e9glise nationale bretonne fond\u00e9e au XVe si\u00e8cle - STOURM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=6191\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Saint-Yves-des-Bretons \u00e0 Rome : une \u00e9glise nationale bretonne fond\u00e9e au XVe si\u00e8cle - STOURM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Au c\u0153ur du rione Campo Marzio, dans le Vicolo della Campana pr\u00e8s de la via della Scrofa, se dresse l’\u00e9glise Saint-Yves-des-Bretons (Sant\u2019Ivo dei Bretoni). 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