{"id":6786,"date":"2026-10-22T12:36:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T12:36:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=6786"},"modified":"2026-10-22T12:36:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T12:36:00","slug":"emsav-22-octobre-1938-mort-defflam-koed-skau-ecrivain-poete-et-militant-nationaliste-breton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=6786","title":{"rendered":"Emsav : 22 octobre 1938, mort d’Efflam Koed-Ska\u00f9, \u00e9crivain, po\u00e8te et militant nationaliste breton"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mort le 22 octobre 1938, il y a 88 ans, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacob fut un \u00e9crivain, po\u00e8te, barde et militant nationaliste breton. D\u00e9fenseur de la langue bretonne et des traditions du pays vannetais, il appartient \u00e0 cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui contribua \u00e0 structurer l’Emsav au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un Breton de Locmariaquer<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e9 le 31 mai 1882 \u00e0 Locmariaquer, dans le Pays vannerais, Jean-Marie-Fran\u00e7ois Jacob grandit dans une famille attach\u00e9e aux traditions bretonnes. Fils d’un capitaine au long cours, il compte parmi ses anc\u00eatres Jean-Marie Hermely, qui fut l’un des lieutenants de Georges Cadoudal pendant la Chouannerie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Orphelin \u00e0 douze ans, il poursuit ses \u00e9tudes au petit s\u00e9minaire de Dax, puis \u00e0 Nantes. Il exerce ensuite comme instituteur dans l’enseignement priv\u00e9, avant de devenir pr\u00e9cepteur aupr\u00e8s de familles ais\u00e9es, notamment dans le sud de la France.<\/span><\/p>\n

Familiaris\u00e9 d\u00e8s l’enfance avec le breton de Locmariaquer, il approfondit sa connaissance de la langue au contact des milieux r\u00e9gionalistes et catholiques bretons, particuli\u00e8rement actifs au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un nationaliste engag\u00e9 dans l’Emsav<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c0 partir de 1904, Jacob se fait conna\u00eetre sous le pseudonyme bardique d’Efflam Koed-Ska\u00f9. Il fr\u00e9quente plusieurs personnalit\u00e9s importantes du mouvement breton, notamment Loeiz Herrieu, Yann-Ber Calloc’h, L\u00e9on Le Berre et Fran\u00e7ois Jaffrennou, dit Taldir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Catholique, royaliste et nationaliste breton, il d\u00e9fend la pr\u00e9servation de l’identit\u00e9 bretonne \u00e0 travers la langue, la litt\u00e9rature, l’histoire et les traditions populaires.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il participe \u00e0 plusieurs publications de l’Emsav, dont Dihunamb, Ar Vro, Kroaz ar Vretoned et Le R\u00e9veil Breton. Il est notamment membre du comit\u00e9 de r\u00e9daction de Breiz Dishual, journal du premier parti nationaliste breton fond\u00e9 en 1912.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un \u00e9crivain au service de la Bretagne<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jacob consacre une grande partie de son activit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9criture en breton vannetais. Il compose des po\u00e8mes, des chants religieux, des r\u00e9cits et des textes historiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parmi ses publications figure Glahar er barh, p\u00e9 mar\u00f9 Breih-Iz\u00e9l (Le Chagrin du barde, ou la Mort de la Basse-Bretagne), publi\u00e9 en 1908. Ce titre exprime les pr\u00e9occupations culturelles d’une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration confront\u00e9e au recul de la langue bretonne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il s’int\u00e9resse \u00e9galement \u00e0 l’histoire de la Chouannerie, notamment \u00e0 travers une biographie de son anc\u00eatre Jean-Marie Hermely, publi\u00e9e en 1933.<\/span><\/p>\n

Musicien et collecteur, il contribue \u00e0 la sauvegarde du r\u00e9pertoire traditionnel vannetais. Son \u00e9tude Les Binious et les Bombardes, publi\u00e9e en 1923, rassemble des observations sur les sonneurs et leurs instruments. Il recueille notamment des airs aupr\u00e8s des musiciens de Locmariaquer, dont Jean-Marie Cagnard et Pierre Marion.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le mouvement bardique et la d\u00e9fense des traditions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jacob participe activement \u00e0 la Gorsedd de Bretagne, institution culturelle inspir\u00e9e des traditions bardiques galloises.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il devient barde le 22 octobre 1907, puis au rang de druide le 22 octobre 1932. <\/span>En 1928, il contribue, avec Loeiz Herrieu et Andr\u00e9 Mellac, \u00e0 l’organisation d’une rencontre de la Gorsedd \u00e0 Locmariaquer. <\/span><\/p>\n

Son engagement ne se limite pas \u00e0 la Bretagne. En 1913, il fonde en Touraine une association de Bretons expatri\u00e9s, La Fleur d’Ajonc, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 entretenir les liens communautaires et culturels.<\/span><\/p>\n

Une disparition en 1938<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacob meurt le 22 octobre 1938 \u00e0 Luzenac, dans l’Ari\u00e8ge, \u00e0 l’\u00e2ge de 56 ans. Il est inhum\u00e9 \u00e0 Ax-les-Thermes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jacob laisse une \u0153uvre aujourd’hui relativement m\u00e9connue, mais significative pour l’histoire de la litt\u00e9rature bretonne vannetaise et des premiers r\u00e9seaux nationalistes bretons.<\/span><\/p>\n

Son parcours t\u00e9moigne d’une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 la revendication nationale bretonne s’exprimait autant par l’engagement culturel, la cr\u00e9ation litt\u00e9raire et la d\u00e9fense des traditions que par l’action politique organis\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacob demeure ainsi l’un des repr\u00e9sentants de l’Emsav culturel et nationaliste de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle, particuli\u00e8rement attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la transmission du breton vannetais et \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire historique de son pays. <\/span><\/p>\n

Olier Kerdrel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mort le 22 octobre 1938, il y a 88 ans, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacob fut un \u00e9crivain, po\u00e8te, barde et militant nationaliste breton. D\u00e9fenseur de la langue bretonne et des traditions du pays vannetais, il appartient \u00e0 cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui contribua \u00e0 structurer l’Emsav au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle. Un Breton de Locmariaquer N\u00e9 le 31 mai […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6787,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sb_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[74,65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emsav","category-principale"],"relative_dates":{"created":"21 heures ago","modified":"21 heures ago"},"yoast_head":"\nEmsav : 22 octobre 1938, mort d'Efflam Koed-Ska\u00f9, \u00e9crivain, po\u00e8te et militant nationaliste breton - STOURM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stourm.news\/?p=6786\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emsav : 22 octobre 1938, mort d'Efflam Koed-Ska\u00f9, \u00e9crivain, po\u00e8te et militant nationaliste breton - STOURM\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mort le 22 octobre 1938, il y a 88 ans, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Jacob fut un \u00e9crivain, po\u00e8te, barde et militant nationaliste breton. D\u00e9fenseur de la langue bretonne et des traditions du pays vannetais, il appartient \u00e0 cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration qui contribua \u00e0 structurer l’Emsav au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle. 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