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Edward Woodville, the fate of an English knight and hero of the struggle for Breton independence (1456–1488)

Edward Woodville, the fate of an English knight and hero of the struggle for Breton independence (1456–1488)

Edward Woodville, born around 1454–1458 at Grafton Regis in Northamptonshire, England, stands out as an emblematic figure of the twilight of the medieval chivalric era. The youngest son of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, he grew up in a family that embodied the meteoric social rise under the Yorkists. His elder sister Elizabeth secretly married King Edward IV in 1464, catapulting the Woodvilles to the very heart of royal power. This controversial union transformed the Woodvilles from minor nobility into pillars of the court, but also made them targets of the intrigues of the Wars of…
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The invention of Joan of Arc : a look back at a French political fabrication

The invention of Joan of Arc : a look back at a French political fabrication

The canonization of Joan of Arc in 1920, hailed as a spiritual triumph by the Catholic Church, was in reality a meticulously orchestrated political operation. This endeavor, driven by an unlikely alliance between the French Catholic clergy, the monarchist far-right, and the republican regime, crafted an artificial myth that was, awkwardly enough, quickly abandoned. Its purpose? To unify the French masses around an exacerbated nationalism, directed against Germany in the tense context of the pre- and post-World War I era. A Fractured France and a "Threatening" Germany The canonization of Joan of Arc occurred at a pivotal moment in French…
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